Tourism Impact are –
- Environmental Impact
- Economic Impact
- Social-Cultural Impact
Environmental Impact: পরিবেশগত প্রভাব:
Natural Resources- Water, air, climate.
Positive: ইতিবাচক:
-Give people more knowledge on the important environment.
-Raise awareness of environment values and create conservation for tourism purpose
Example – water-based attraction such as like, canal.
– Improve for clean quality control of environment water and air.
Negative: নেতিবাচক:
– Pollution waste-water from hotel, noise pollution from tourist or tourism activities. Over consumption water for golf course, hotel’s swimming pool.
Natural Environment- mountains, forests, sea and beach.
Positive: ইতিবাচক:
- Conservation for tourism purpose ex- beach.
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Gain income from visitors for conservation purpose
Example – entrance fee of national park.
Negative: নেতিবাচক:
Deterioration of the area ex- over-visited by travelers pollution
Example – Oil fuel spills by boat/cruise to the sea
Wild life: Fauna and Flora
- safari, bird/animal watching.
Positive: ইতিবাচক:
- Creation of a wildlife reserve/sanctuary or habitat restoration
Negative: নেতিবাচক:
- Disrupting of animals habits
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Killing of animals through hunting or for souvenir.
Build Environment : Temple, Castle, Village and town.
Positive: ইতিবাচক:
- Restoration and preservation of historic building and sites for tourism purpose. reuse of disused building.
Negative: নেতিবাচক:
- Visual Impact
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Deterioration of building
Example- Visited by Tourists.
- Pollution
Example– air-pollution in village by tourist buses.
Economical Impact: অর্থনৈতিক প্রভাব:
Positive: ইতিবাচক:
- Generation of income to destination.
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Creation of employment opportunity.
– Increased tax revenues raised for government.
- Multiplier effect.
Negative: নেতিবাচক:
- Leakage of expenditure out of local economy.
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Inflation and higher land values.
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Opportunity cost.
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Seasonality.
- Over-dependence on tourism.
Social Impact: সামাজিক প্রভাব:
Positive: ইতিবাচক
- Social impacts refer to changes in the lives of people who live in host/destination communities and are associated more with direct contact between hosts and tourists.
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Social impact from tourism is usually permanent with little or no opportunity to reserve the change once it has taken place.
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Small community is more sensitive to tourism social impact than large city.
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Sources of social impacts are : Tourists and Hosts.
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Demonstration effects – there are the effects of those situation where someone sees another person doing or using something and wants to do or have the same things themselves.
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Impact on employment and job for people in host community.
Positive : ইতিবাচক:
Tourism offers many work opportunities.
Negative : নেতিবাচক:
Tourism bring someone negative impacts on worker Example – Seasonality and unsocial working hours.
Positive Impacts : ইতিবাচক প্রভাব:
- Increased Knowledge of the host culture by visitors and lead to renewed culture pride among the host community.
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Encourage cultural interchange and international understanding.
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Host culture can survive by tourist’s demands for traditional entertainment, art, crafts and music.
Negative Impacts : নেতিবাচক প্রভাব:
– Commercialization of the local culture.
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Decline in traditional arts and crafts as folk art become junk art or low quality mass product.
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Conflict between tourists and local community due to visitors lack of cross-cultural awareness.
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Sex tourism, child prostitution, HIV/AIDS.
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Gambling, drugs and crime.